Unpacking the Risks: The Potentially Dangerous Side Effects of NSAIDs

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen, aspirin, naproxen, and diclofenac are commonly used for pain relief, fever reduction, and to mitigate inflammation. While effective for these purposes, NSAIDs come with a range of potentially severe side effects that warrant careful consideration.

Stroke

NSAIDs can increase the risk of stroke, particularly in higher doses or with prolonged use. This is primarily due to their ability to affect blood clotting and blood pressure. By inhibiting prostaglandins, which play a role in vasodilation and preventing clot formation, NSAIDs can lead to conditions that foster stroke, especially in individuals with pre-existing cardiovascular issues.

Kidney Failure and Kidney Damage

One of the most significant concerns with NSAIDs is their impact on kidney function. They can reduce blood flow to the kidneys, leading to acute kidney injury or even chronic kidney disease with prolonged use. This risk is heightened in the elderly, those with existing kidney issues, or patients who are dehydrated or on certain medications like diuretics or ACE inhibitors.

Inflammation

Ironically, while NSAIDs are often used to reduce inflammation, chronic use can sometimes lead to rebound inflammation or mask symptoms of more severe conditions, delaying necessary treatments. This can be particularly problematic in conditions like inflammatory bowel disease, where NSAIDs might exacerbate gut inflammation.

Miscarriage

There is evidence suggesting that NSAID use during pregnancy, especially in the first and second trimesters, can increase the risk of miscarriage. This is likely due to their effects on prostaglandins, which are crucial for maintaining pregnancy.